發(fa)布時間:2018-07-11
2018年7月,中(zhong)保(bao)(bao)基金公司在(zai)北京發布《中(zhong)國保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)估(gu)報(bao)(bao)告2018》(以下簡稱“行業風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)估(gu)報(bao)(bao)告”)。報(bao)(bao)告指出,2017年保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)行業加快回(hui)歸本(ben)源,發展穩中(zhong)向好,產品保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)功能(neng)(neng)凸顯,服務能(neng)(neng)力明顯提升(sheng),行業風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)總體可(ke)控(kong),但(dan)面(mian)臨的(de)形勢(shi)依然十(shi)分嚴峻。報(bao)(bao)告分別(bie)從(cong)流動性(xing)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、轉型過(guo)程中(zhong)面(mian)臨的(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、經(jing)營風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、利率風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、信(xin)用風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、公司治理(li)及(ji)合規風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、聲譽風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)七個值得重點關注的(de)方面(mian),對2017年乃至(zhi)當前保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)行業面(mian)臨的(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進行深入剖析。
自(zi)2015年(nian)開始,中保基金公(gong)司連續四年(nian)編寫并發布保險(xian)(xian)(xian)行業(ye)年(nian)度(du)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)評估(gu)報(bao)告(gao)。作(zuo)為(wei)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)唯一一份以第三方獨(du)立專業(ye)視角監測和評估(gu)行業(ye)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)年(nian)度(du)報(bao)告(gao),行業(ye)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)評估(gu)報(bao)告(gao)通(tong)過細致梳理行業(ye)現狀和風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)問題,為(wei)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)行業(ye)和機構(gou)提供(gong)有價(jia)值的(de)參考(kao)借鑒(jian)信息,并希望以此(ci)促進行業(ye)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管理水平的(de)提升。
一、報告框架與特點
本(ben)次編撰的(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業風(feng)險(xian)(xian)評估(gu)報告分為經濟金融環境、行(xing)(xing)(xing)業運行(xing)(xing)(xing)情況、行(xing)(xing)(xing)業風(feng)險(xian)(xian)評估(gu)和專家觀測(ce)視角(jiao)四篇。在回顧2017年度保險(xian)(xian)業內(nei)外部(bu)環境的(de)基礎(chu)上,對行(xing)(xing)(xing)業運行(xing)(xing)(xing)形勢進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了較為全面的(de)闡述,并著重對當前行(xing)(xing)(xing)業經營發展中存(cun)在的(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)問題展開剖析。
本次(ci)(ci)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)風(feng)險(xian)評(ping)估報(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)有四個特點。一(yi)是(shi)觀點更加(jia)鮮明。報(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)以(yi)風(feng)險(xian)監測日(ri)常工作積(ji)累為基礎,充(chong)分結(jie)合(he)專(zhuan)家委員會議成果,緊密圍繞2017年保(bao)險(xian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)重大(da)變(bian)化,更加(jia)及(ji)時有效的(de)(de)反(fan)映(ying)2017年保(bao)險(xian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)情況及(ji)風(feng)險(xian)特點。二是(shi)政策梳(shu)理更為系(xi)(xi)(xi)統全面(mian)。2017年保(bao)險(xian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集中出臺了(le)(le)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)規(gui)范秩序、強化監管、促進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)健(jian)康(kang)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)政策法規(gui)及(ji)規(gui)范性文(wen)件,報(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)分別從“1+4”系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)文(wen)件、償付能(neng)力體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)建設(she)、保(bao)險(xian)消(xiao)費(fei)者權益(yi)保(bao)護制度(du)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)建設(she)、發展多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)次(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)養老健(jian)康(kang)保(bao)險(xian)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)、加(jia)大(da)市場整治力度(du)等十四個方面(mian),對(dui)(dui)重大(da)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)政策進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統全面(mian)的(de)(de)梳(shu)理。三(san)是(shi)數(shu)據(ju)維度(du)更加(jia)多(duo)元。報(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)依托公開(kai)披露(lu)數(shu)據(ju),系(xi)(xi)(xi)統整理了(le)(le)保(bao)險(xian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和保(bao)險(xian)公司經(jing)營、業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務的(de)(de)核心指標,認(ren)真全面(mian)梳(shu)理了(le)(le)保(bao)險(xian)監管機構(gou)公示的(de)(de)監管信息(xi),數(shu)據(ju)層(ceng)(ceng)次(ci)(ci)更豐(feng)富。四是(shi)專(zhuan)家觀測視角更有針對(dui)(dui)性。編寫組依據(ju)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)風(feng)險(xian)熱點為選題,邀請擅長該領域(yu)研究的(de)(de)專(zhuan)家委員會專(zhuan)家以(yi)獨立身份作了(le)(le)專(zhuan)題分析觀察(cha),提(ti)升了(le)(le)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)對(dui)(dui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)風(feng)險(xian)評(ping)估分析的(de)(de)深(shen)度(du)。
二、報告觀點
(一)運行情況
2017年(nian),保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)業務發展(zhan)穩中向(xiang)好(hao),實現原保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)費收入3.66萬億元,同比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)18.16%;資(zi)(zi)產規模穩步增(zeng)長(chang),總資(zi)(zi)產16.75萬億元,凈資(zi)(zi)產1.88萬億元。風險(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障水平(ping)快速(su)提(ti)(ti)高,為(wei)全社會(hui)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)風險(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障4154萬億元,同比(bi)大(da)幅增(zeng)長(chang)75%;服務經濟社會(hui)發展(zhan)大(da)局能(neng)力(li)增(zeng)強。行業回歸(gui)本(ben)源,業務結構持(chi)續(xu)調整優化(hua);資(zi)(zi)產配置(zhi)更(geng)加多元,資(zi)(zi)金運用(yong)收益率5.77%;行業償付能(neng)力(li)總體充足(zu)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)密度、保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)深度穩步上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)市(shi)場主體日趨(qu)豐富,消(xiao)費者權(quan)益保(bao)(bao)(bao)護工作力(li)度不斷提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。2017年(nian)中國保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)消(xiao)費者信心指數為(wei)73.7,相比(bi)2015年(nian)69.2、2016年(nian)71.2的水平(ping)進一步提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。
(二)風險評估
當前和(he)未(wei)來(lai)一(yi)個(ge)時期(qi)(qi),雖然保險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)總體(ti)可(ke)控,但面臨(lin)的(de)形(xing)勢(shi)依然十分(fen)嚴峻。從(cong)外(wai)部(bu)環境看(kan),國(guo)際國(guo)內(nei)經濟金(jin)融形(xing)勢(shi)錯綜復雜(za),各種(zhong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)矛盾變化的(de)不確(que)定(ding)性可(ke)能給保險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業帶(dai)來(lai)較大的(de)影響;從(cong)行業內(nei)部(bu)看(kan),保險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業正處于防范化解風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)攻堅期(qi)(qi)、多年積累(lei)深(shen)層次矛盾釋放期(qi)(qi)和(he)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)發展模(mo)式(shi)轉型陣痛期(qi)(qi)的(de)“三期(qi)(qi)疊加(jia)”階段,一(yi)些重點領域和(he)重點公司(si)(si)的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)逐(zhu)步暴露。部(bu)分(fen)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬于“灰犀牛(niu)”式(shi)的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),主要(yao)涉(she)及少數(shu)問(wen)題公司(si)(si);有(you)的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)反映了監管(guan)空白、漏洞和(he)短板,主要(yao)是跨(kua)領域、跨(kua)行業、跨(kua)市場的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)傳遞;有(you)的(de)是新業態新形(xing)式(shi)帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian);有(you)的(de)是由于行業、監管(guan)正處在轉型時期(qi)(qi)帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)衍(yan)生(sheng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian);另外(wai),保險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)監管(guan)還存在短板和(he)漏洞,仍處于自我(wo)修復、不斷完善的(de)進程中。
本次報告力(li)求把握(wo)行業風(feng)險演(yan)變的(de)新形勢,對(dui)流動性風(feng)險、轉型面臨(lin)的(de)風(feng)險、公司治理(li)風(feng)險等進行了重(zhong)點(dian)梳理(li),將過去一年乃(nai)至當前我國保險業面臨(lin)的(de)主要風(feng)險和挑戰歸納為七個方(fang)面:
1、部分(fen)公(gong)(gong)司(si)出現較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)流動性(xing)壓(ya)力(li)。 雖然行業2017年現金(jin)流整(zheng)體(ti)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)充裕,但個體(ti)分(fen)化明顯(xian),局(ju)部流動性(xing)風(feng)險隱患顯(xian)現。部分(fen)人身險公(gong)(gong)司(si)在業務(wu)結(jie)構調整(zheng)期(qi)保費流入下降,同時退保金(jin)大幅增長(chang),滿(man)期(qi)給付(fu)總量(liang)仍處于高位(wei),現金(jin)流出壓(ya)力(li)持續上升。部分(fen)公(gong)(gong)司(si)過去(qu)高度依賴中(zhong)短存續期(qi)業務(wu),資(zi)(zi)產(chan)負債錯配嚴重(zhong),現金(jin)流面(mian)臨嚴峻考驗。此外(wai),部分(fen)過去(qu)經營非壽(shou)險投資(zi)(zi)型產(chan)品的(de)公(gong)(gong)司(si)業務(wu)存量(liang)余額較(jiao)(jiao)大,考慮到這幾家(jia)公(gong)(gong)司(si)將面(mian)臨較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)集(ji)中(zhong)的(de)滿(man)期(qi)給付(fu)壓(ya)力(li),需要警惕流動性(xing)風(feng)險。
2、人身(shen)險(xian)業務轉型面(mian)臨(lin)諸多(duo)(duo)挑(tiao)戰。一是部分公(gong)司主(zhu)要在(zai)售(shou)產(chan)品(pin)停售(shou),但多(duo)(duo)數中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)公(gong)司缺(que)乏(fa)開發(fa)保(bao)(bao)障型產(chan)品(pin)的經驗數據及精(jing)算能(neng)力,產(chan)品(pin)開發(fa)壓力較(jiao)大。二是銀郵(you)渠(qu)(qu)道(dao)集中(zhong)(zhong)給付型產(chan)品(pin)停售(shou),保(bao)(bao)障型產(chan)品(pin)銷售(shou)能(neng)力不足,保(bao)(bao)費增速大幅(fu)下滑;個險(xian)渠(qu)(qu)道(dao)建(jian)設成本(ben)(ben)(ben)高(gao)、周(zhou)期(qi)長,中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)公(gong)司較(jiao)難補齊(qi)渠(qu)(qu)道(dao)短(duan)板。三是負債久期(qi)拉長、長久期(qi)資(zi)產(chan)較(jiao)少,行業整(zheng)體(ti)市場風(feng)(feng)險(xian)和(he)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)最低資(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)要求(qiu)提高(gao),同(tong)時民營資(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)流入大幅(fu)減(jian)少,人身(shen)險(xian)公(gong)司償付能(neng)力指(zhi)標普(pu)遍下滑。四是伴隨(sui)著產(chan)品(pin)切換,保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公(gong)司面(mian)臨(lin)的風(feng)(feng)險(xian)也逐(zhu)漸向長期(qi)化(hua)、復雜化(hua)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)轉變,對(dui)公(gong)司風(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理、投資(zi)、運營等多(duo)(duo)方面(mian)提出更高(gao)要求(qiu)。
3、產險(xian)(xian)公司經營(ying)壓力較大。2017年近(jin)八(ba)成公司處于承保(bao)虧損(sun)狀態。車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)方面,市(shi)場(chang)競(jing)爭依舊激烈,高費用率(lv)持續,近(jin)九成公司車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)綜合費用率(lv)超(chao)過40%。高費用問題帶來中小(xiao)公司虧損(sun)局面難以扭轉(zhuan),差異化經營(ying)策略(lve)屢屢受挫。非(fei)車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)方面,保(bao)費收入(ru)快速(su)增長,2017年增速(su)達24.21%,自(zi)2013年至今首(shou)次超(chao)過車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)增速(su);但非(fei)車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)承保(bao)虧損(sun)加劇,經營(ying)問題較多。傳統非(fei)車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)種(zhong)費率(lv)走低,保(bao)證保(bao)險(xian)(xian)業(ye)務風(feng)險(xian)(xian)需持續關注,部分(fen)意外險(xian)(xian)產品背離保(bao)險(xian)(xian)本源。
4、資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)負(fu)債管(guan)理能力(li)面(mian)對(dui)利(li)率(lv)風險(xian)(xian)挑戰。利(li)率(lv)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)波動(dong)(dong)對(dui)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)端與負(fu)債端均有較(jiao)大(da)影(ying)響。一方(fang)面(mian)利(li)率(lv)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)波動(dong)(dong)加(jia)劇,保(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司配置固定收益(yi)(yi)類資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)的(de)難度(du)增加(jia)。同時,當(dang)未來利(li)率(lv)進入下行通道時,保(bao)險(xian)(xian)資(zi)(zi)金將面(mian)臨較(jiao)大(da)的(de)再(zai)投資(zi)(zi)風險(xian)(xian)。另一方(fang)面(mian),市(shi)場(chang)(chang)競爭激(ji)烈使(shi)得(de)保(bao)單成本始(shi)終處于高(gao)位。保(bao)單高(gao)成本的(de)壓力(li)傳導到資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)端,倒逼部分(fen)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司提升資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)端風險(xian)(xian)偏(pian)好,增加(jia)權益(yi)(yi)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)、低信(xin)用等(deng)(deng)級債券等(deng)(deng)的(de)投資(zi)(zi),加(jia)大(da)了市(shi)場(chang)(chang)風險(xian)(xian)和信(xin)用風險(xian)(xian)。
5、信(xin)用風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)需持續(xu)關注。一(yi)是債券市(shi)場(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)評級下調與違約事件增加,風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)企(qi)業性質(zhi)、違約券種范圍不(bu)斷擴大,保(bao)險(xian)(xian)資金投資債券面(mian)臨的(de)(de)信(xin)用風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)增加;二是隨著保(bao)險(xian)(xian)資金投資非(fei)(fei)標資產占比提(ti)升,信(xin)用風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)敞口有所擴大。一(yi)方(fang)面(mian),地方(fang)政府債務風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)攀升帶(dai)來保(bao)險(xian)(xian)資金投資信(xin)托(tuo)、債權計(ji)劃(hua)等非(fei)(fei)標產品的(de)(de)潛在信(xin)用風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)提(ti)升。另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian),部分(fen)非(fei)(fei)標產品蘊含違約風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian),投資相對穩(wen)健的(de)(de)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)債權計(ji)劃(hua)的(de)(de)信(xin)用風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)也值(zhi)得(de)關注。
6、公(gong)(gong)司治(zhi)理(li)及規范經(jing)(jing)營方面存在(zai)較多問(wen)題。一是(shi)公(gong)(gong)司治(zhi)理(li)薄弱。部分公(gong)(gong)司股東股權存在(zai)重大風險(xian)隱(yin)患,公(gong)(gong)司治(zhi)理(li)有效(xiao)性不足,關聯交易風險(xian)突出,內(nei)部管(guan)控機制(zhi)缺(que)失(shi)(shi)。二是(shi)違規經(jing)(jing)營問(wen)題突出。2017年(nian)監(jian)管(guan)機構對機構罰款(kuan)金(jin)額(e)達1357萬元,行政處罰力度前(qian)所(suo)未有。處罰事項最多的(de)為電話銷(xiao)售欺(qi)騙投保人。三是(shi)經(jing)(jing)營數(shu)據失(shi)(shi)真,主要(yao)集中在(zai)車險(xian)和(he)農險(xian),此(ci)外存在(zai)部分由于指標口徑問(wen)題導致數(shu)據失(shi)(shi)真的(de)現象。
7、 聲(sheng)(sheng)譽風險不容(rong)忽視。一是(shi)項俊(jun)波(bo)案件嚴重損(sun)害(hai)保(bao)險監管(guan)形(xing)象。二(er)是(shi)冒用(yong)保(bao)險機(ji)構名(ming)義(yi)的違(wei)法(fa)案件擾亂行(xing)(xing)業(ye)秩序,損(sun)害(hai)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)誠信形(xing)象。三是(shi)銷售和理賠糾紛(fen)投(tou)訴(su)居高不下,對保(bao)險消費(fei)者權益保(bao)護工作(zuo)提出更(geng)高要(yao)求。四是(shi)互聯網保(bao)險消費(fei)投(tou)訴(su)量快速增(zeng)加,創新型險種投(tou)訴(su)日漸增(zeng)多,行(xing)(xing)業(ye)面臨的聲(sheng)(sheng)譽風險形(xing)勢(shi)較復雜。
(三)專家觀測視角
由專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)委員(yuan)會專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)為報告撰(zhuan)寫的(de)八篇外部專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)風(feng)險(xian)觀(guan)測專(zhuan)(zhuan)題文章,集中反映了對非車險(xian)經營(ying)虧損(sun)、商(shang)業車險(xian)改革、利率風(feng)險(xian)、壽險(xian)公(gong)司轉(zhuan)型、信用風(feng)險(xian)、長期股權投資(zi)估(gu)值等問題及對策的(de)思考(kao)和研究(jiu)。
專(zhuan)家(jia)對2018年保險(xian)(xian)行業風(feng)險(xian)(xian)及(ji)應對策略進行了全面剖析及(ji)預判,專(zhuan)家(jia)認(ren)為,從長期看,保險(xian)(xian)公(gong)司仍然要防范低長期利(li)率(lv)的風(feng)險(xian)(xian)。相比于2017年,2018年無風(feng)險(xian)(xian)利(li)率(lv)呈下(xia)行趨(qu)勢,市場缺(que)乏高收益的投(tou)(tou)資機會,人(ren)身險(xian)(xian)公(gong)司負債久期較長、成本(ben)較高且有一定剛性,面臨投(tou)(tou)資資產(chan)到(dao)期后(hou)再(zai)投(tou)(tou)資的風(feng)險(xian)(xian)。
專(zhuan)家認為,銀行系(xi)壽(shou)險公司在(zai)轉(zhuan)型發展中存在(zai)戰(zhan)略同質化(hua)(hua)(hua)高、資本(ben)補充(chong)難度大、業(ye)務(wu)結(jie)構調整難、產品銷售過于依賴母銀行等問題,專(zhuan)家從實施差異化(hua)(hua)(hua)戰(zhan)略、形成市場化(hua)(hua)(hua)多(duo)元化(hua)(hua)(hua)的資本(ben)補充(chong)機制(zhi)、重塑公司業(ye)務(wu)結(jie)構、深化(hua)(hua)(hua)集團協同等方面提(ti)出(chu)對策建議(yi)。
非車(che)險(xian)方面,專(zhuan)家建議在(zai)(zai)監管層面實(shi)施分類監管、推動強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)保險(xian)落地、加強(qiang)(qiang)產品(pin)監管、提(ti)升(sheng)費用(yong)透明度;在(zai)(zai)市場層面加強(qiang)(qiang)風險(xian)管理(li)教育、定期(qi)修(xiu)訂純(chun)風險(xian)損失率表、計提(ti)巨災準(zhun)備(bei)金、嚴控中介(jie)費用(yong);在(zai)(zai)主體層面堅持正確(que)的發展戰略、經(jing)營理(li)念和績效評價導(dao)向。此外,未來商(shang)車(che)費改應從(cong)產品(pin)多樣化和費率市場化兩方面進行深化改革(ge)。
專(zhuan)家認為,2017年以(yi)來,保險(xian)(xian)資(zi)金(jin)投資(zi)債券和(he)非(fei)標產品面臨的(de)信(xin)用(yong)風險(xian)(xian)整體(ti)趨于上升,以(yi)外部評級為基礎的(de)保險(xian)(xian)資(zi)金(jin)信(xin)用(yong)風險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)存在一(yi)定的(de)滯(zhi)后,信(xin)用(yong)風險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)應該落實償二代要求,堅守底線(xian),建立(li)內部信(xin)用(yong)評級體(ti)系,進行(xing)多維度動(dong)態管(guan)(guan)理(li),利用(yong)大數據及AI技(ji)術,并(bing)制定重大突(tu)發事件應急預案。行(xing)業內資(zi)產負債錯配一(yi)直存在, 2018年監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)發布《保險(xian)(xian)資(zi)產負債管(guan)(guan)理(li)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)規則(1-5號)》,有(you)利于行(xing)業加強資(zi)產負債管(guan)(guan)理(li)。