發布時(shi)間：2022-09-20
2022年8月，中(zhong)(zhong)國保險(xian)保障基金有限責任公司在北京發(fa)布《中(zhong)(zhong)國保險(xian)業風(feng)險(xian)評估報告2022》（以(yi)下簡稱(cheng)“報告”）。報告指出，2021年保險(xian)業始終(zhong)堅(jian)持以(yi)人民為中(zhong)(zhong)心的發(fa)展理念，堅(jian)定(ding)不移走高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展道(dao)路，全行(xing)(xing)業穩健(jian)運行(xing)(xing)，保險(xian)保障功能進(jin)一(yi)步增強，服務實體(ti)經濟質(zhi)效進(jin)一(yi)步提高(gao)(gao)，關鍵領域改(gai)革向縱深推(tui)(tui)進(jin)，防范化解金融風(feng)險(xian)取得明(ming)顯(xian)成效，有效發(fa)揮社(she)會“穩定(ding)器(qi)”和經濟“助推(tui)(tui)器(qi)”作用。在疫(yi)情沖擊下，百年變(bian)局加速演進(jin)，外(wai)部(bu)環(huan)境更趨復雜(za)嚴峻，不確定(ding)性進(jin)一(yi)步增加。我(wo)國保險(xian)業運行(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)面臨的困難增多，挑戰上升，部(bu)分重點領域的風(feng)險(xian)不容忽(hu)視。
本次編撰(zhuan)的(de)報(bao)告(gao)包(bao)括(kuo)經(jing)濟金融環境(jing)、行業(ye)(ye)運行情況、行業(ye)(ye)風險評估和專家觀測視角四個部分(fen)(fen)，報(bao)告(gao)在回顧2021年(nian)度保(bao)險業(ye)(ye)內外部環境(jing)的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上，對(dui)行業(ye)(ye)運行形勢進(jin)行了較為全面的(de)闡述，就當前保(bao)險行業(ye)(ye)存在的(de)風險問題重點(dian)展(zhan)開分(fen)(fen)析。
一(yi)、運行(xing)情況
2021年，保(bao)險(xian)業總體(ti)穩健運行。資產規模穩健增(zeng)長(chang)，保(bao)險(xian)公司(si)總資產24.9萬億元(yuan)，較年初增(zeng)長(chang)11.5%；保(bao)險(xian)業務規模實現正增(zeng)長(chang)，原(yuan)保(bao)險(xian)保(bao)費收入(ru)4.49萬億元(yuan)，同(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)4.05%；償付能力(li)(li)(li)保(bao)持在合理區間，納入(ru)償付能力(li)(li)(li)監管委員(yuan)會(hui)審(shen)議的179 家保(bao)險(xian)公司(si)平(ping)均綜(zong)合償付能力(li)(li)(li)充(chong)足率為232.1%。
保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)業(ye)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)經(jing)濟社會發(fa)(fa)展能力顯(xian)著提升。參與社會保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)體(ti)系建設持(chi)續(xu)創新(xin)，健康險(xian)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)規模持(chi)續(xu)擴(kuo)大，城市普惠型保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)蓬(peng)勃發(fa)(fa)展；服(fu)務(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展力度加大，截至2021 年11月末(mo)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)資金通過多種方式為(wei)實(shi)(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟融資20.4萬億(yi)元；服(fu)務(wu)(wu)鄉村振(zhen)興戰略成(cheng)效明顯(xian)，2021年，農業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)為(wei)1.78 億(yi)戶(hu)次農戶(hu)提供了 4.72 萬億(yi)元的風險(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。
財產(chan)險方面(mian)，行(xing)業(ye)持(chi)(chi)(chi)續(xu)推進供給側改革，保(bao)(bao)費(fei)規模略有增長，全(quan)年實現原保(bao)(bao)費(fei)收入13,676億元，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增長1.92%；險種(zhong)結(jie)構持(chi)(chi)(chi)續(xu)優(you)化，非車險保(bao)(bao)費(fei)占比(bi)連續(xu)6年持(chi)(chi)(chi)續(xu)提高；保(bao)(bao)障功能(neng)不(bu)斷強化，保(bao)(bao)險金(jin)額同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增長達45.53%；經營成果有所好(hao)轉(zhuan)，經營性現金(jin)流凈流入，凈利潤同(tong)(tong)比(bi)微升；償付(fu)能(neng)力充足率(lv)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)略有上(shang)升。
人身險(xian)方面，行業積極探(tan)索轉(zhuan)型(xing)，原(yuan)保(bao)險(xian)保(bao)費收入小幅增長(chang)(chang)，健康險(xian)等保(bao)障型(xing)業務保(bao)持(chi)(chi)穩定(ding)發(fa)展(zhan)；渠道方面，代理人渠道有所收縮，銀保(bao)渠道持(chi)(chi)續(xu)增長(chang)(chang)。行業探(tan)索高(gao)質量發(fa)展(zhan)路線，以保(bao)障民生福祉為(wei)本，服務能力(li)進一步增強。雖(sui)然行業凈利潤(run)總體下降，但(dan)償(chang)付能力(li)水平保(bao)持(chi)(chi)在合(he)理區間(jian)。
資金(jin)運用方面，保險(xian)資金(jin)運用規模繼續(xu)保持(chi)(chi)平穩增長，資產配(pei)置比例基本保持(chi)(chi)穩定，資金(jin)運用收益率(lv)同比下降；行業整體投(tou)資能力覆蓋率(lv)有所加(jia)大(da)，保險(xian)機構權益類投(tou)資能力明顯(xian)(xian)提升；保險(xian)資金(jin)為實體經濟(ji)提供融資支持(chi)(chi)力度顯(xian)(xian)著(zhu)加(jia)大(da)，并全力支持(chi)(chi)國家重點戰略項(xiang)目和重點領(ling)域(yu)。
二、風險評估
2021年，保(bao)險(xian)業始終(zhong)堅持(chi)以(yi)人(ren)民(min)為中(zhong)心，堅定不移走高質量(liang)發展道路，保(bao)持(chi)穩(wen)健運(yun)行，保(bao)險(xian)保(bao)障功(gong)能增強(qiang)，服(fu)務實體經濟質效提高。同(tong)時，在疫情(qing)沖(chong)擊下，百年變局加速演進，外部環境更(geng)趨(qu)復雜嚴峻(jun)，不確定性(xing)進一(yi)步(bu)增加，保(bao)險(xian)業運(yun)行中(zhong)面臨(lin)的困難增多、挑戰上(shang)升。
本(ben)次(ci)報告力求把握(wo)行業(ye)風(feng)險(xian)演變的新形勢，系統(tong)分析重點領(ling)域、關(guan)鍵環節(jie)的主要風(feng)險(xian)點，持(chi)續(xu)關(guan)注傳統(tong)風(feng)險(xian)問題，重視新興風(feng)險(xian)暴露，將過去一年及當(dang)前我國保險(xian)業(ye)面臨的主要風(feng)險(xian)和挑戰歸納(na)為六個方面：
戰(zhan)略(lve)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，財產(chan)(chan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)多數(shu)中小公(gong)司(si)戰(zhan)略(lve)轉(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)難定，車(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和非(fei)車(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務(wu)均經營困難，超半數(shu)公(gong)司(si)連續五(wu)年承保(bao)虧損(sun)。車(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，多數(shu)中小公(gong)司(si)品(pin)質管(guan)控能力(li)(li)欠缺，固(gu)定成(cheng)本(ben)難以攤(tan)薄，最終(zhong)導致其綜(zong)合(he)賠付(fu)率、綜(zong)合(he)費用率都明顯高于大型(xing)(xing)公(gong)司(si)，承保(bao)虧損(sun)嚴(yan)重。非(fei)車(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，部分中小公(gong)司(si)對非(fei)車(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)具體發(fa)展戰(zhan)略(lve)定力(li)(li)不足，缺乏(fa)對自(zi)身(shen)(shen)經營的(de)長遠思考，追逐(zhu)一時的(de)保(bao)費增(zeng)速，而忽(hu)視非(fei)車(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務(wu)的(de)長尾風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。人(ren)身(shen)(shen)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)面(mian)臨轉(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)挑戰(zhan)，受新冠肺炎疫情影響，人(ren)身(shen)(shen)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)過去粗放式經營積累的(de)問(wen)題加速暴露，如何高質量發(fa)展成(cheng)為貫穿2021年全(quan)年的(de)主題。目前人(ren)身(shen)(shen)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)處于轉(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)關鍵(jian)期，新業(ye)務(wu)發(fa)展存在(zai)壓(ya)力(li)(li)。渠(qu)道(dao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，行(xing)(xing)業(ye)面(mian)臨代理人(ren)渠(qu)道(dao)收縮和互(hu)聯網渠(qu)道(dao)監管(guan)趨(qu)嚴(yan)等挑戰(zhan)。產(chan)(chan)品(pin)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，除重疾(ji)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)銷售疲軟和產(chan)(chan)品(pin)期限結構變化帶來(lai)的(de)挑戰(zhan)外(wai)，如何提高惠(hui)民保(bao)、終(zhong)身(shen)(shen)壽險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和養老保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等產(chan)(chan)品(pin)經營質效也成(cheng)為行(xing)(xing)業(ye)探索的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)。
信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)和(he)市(shi)場(chang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)方面，一是(shi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)上升，信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)市(shi)場(chang)違約形勢依然(ran)嚴(yan)峻，保險(xian)公司(si)面臨的(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)有(you)所(suo)上升，且信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)的(de)上升速度明顯快于(yu)資(zi)(zi)產的(de)增長(chang)速度。信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)導(dao)(dao)致保險(xian)公司(si)潛在損(sun)失(shi)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)，保險(xian)公司(si)計(ji)提(ti)資(zi)(zi)產減值準備(bei)大幅(fu)增長(chang)。未(wei)來(lai)(lai)，信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)壓力(li)將(jiang)持續加(jia)(jia)(jia)大，保險(xian)公司(si)因信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)事件(jian)計(ji)提(ti)減值準備(bei)或成常態。二是(shi)權(quan)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)場(chang)波(bo)動加(jia)(jia)(jia)大，股(gu)權(quan)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)分(fen)化較大，導(dao)(dao)致波(bo)動有(you)所(suo)上升；部分(fen)公司(si)股(gu)票投(tou)資(zi)(zi)的(de)行業集中度及個(ge)別標的(de)集中度相對較高，對投(tou)資(zi)(zi)收(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶來(lai)(lai)不(bu)利影響。三是(shi)利差(cha)損(sun)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)劇，在長(chang)期利率下行的(de)環境下，以固定收(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)類投(tou)資(zi)(zi)為主的(de)保險(xian)行業投(tou)資(zi)(zi)收(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)率將(jiang)有(you)所(suo)下降，到期資(zi)(zi)產和(he)新增資(zi)(zi)產無法(fa)持續原(yuan)有(you)的(de)收(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)率，但負債(zhai)成本相對剛性，將(jiang)導(dao)(dao)致利差(cha)逐步(bu)收(shou)(shou)窄，存在較大再投(tou)資(zi)(zi)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)和(he)利差(cha)損(sun)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)。
保險(xian)風險(xian)方(fang)面(mian)，一(yi)(yi)是責任險(xian)賠(pei)付率上升壓力(li)(li)(li)較(jiao)大。主要原因有：競爭(zheng)加(jia)劇，費率長期走(zou)低，保費充足(zu)度(du)下降；人(ren)身損害賠(pei)償逐年(nian)(nian)提高(gao)，加(jia)大了業(ye)務(wu)賠(pei)付成本；涉(she)及金融領域(yu)的(de)(de)相關職業(ye)面(mian)臨(lin)的(de)(de)法律風險(xian)敞口明(ming)顯(xian)增加(jia)，如上市公司董事、監事、高(gao)管等(deng)；事前預(yu)防服務(wu)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)、風險(xian)識別和(he)(he)風險(xian)管控能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)不(bu)強。二是自然災(zai)害帶來的(de)(de)賠(pei)付增加(jia)。2021年(nian)(nian)，我國(guo)自然災(zai)害形勢(shi)復(fu)雜嚴峻，極端天氣氣候事件多發，階(jie)段(duan)性(xing)區域(yu)性(xing)特征明(ming)顯(xian)。頻繁的(de)(de)巨災(zai)風險(xian)事件造成人(ren)員傷(shang)亡和(he)(he)財產(chan)損失增加(jia)，導致賠(pei)付支(zhi)出快速增長。三是重(zhong)疾(ji)險(xian)發展承壓。一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)，受(shou)提前透(tou)支(zhi)客(ke)戶、消費者有效(xiao)需求(qiu)不(bu)足(zu)、渠(qu)道遭遇瓶(ping)頸、產(chan)品供給不(bu)足(zu)和(he)(he)短期健(jian)康(kang)險(xian)產(chan)品擠(ji)出效(xiao)應等(deng)影響(xiang)，新(xin)定(ding)義(yi)下重(zhong)疾(ji)險(xian)產(chan)品銷售情(qing)況不(bu)及預(yu)期；另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)，重(zhong)大疾(ji)病發病率和(he)(he)檢出率呈上升趨勢(shi)，同時擇優理(li)賠(pei)和(he)(he)多次賠(pei)付條款一(yi)(yi)定(ding)程度(du)增加(jia)賠(pei)付情(qing)況，疊加(jia)人(ren)身險(xian)公司核賠(pei)和(he)(he)風險(xian)識別能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)尚有不(bu)足(zu)，重(zhong)疾(ji)險(xian)賠(pei)付快速增長。
公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)風(feng)險方(fang)面，保(bao)險公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)有(you)(you)效性(xing)有(you)(you)待提升(sheng)。股權(quan)結構變(bian)化、股權(quan)質(zhi)押(ya)(ya)比例(li)較高、高管人(ren)員頻繁變(bian)更(geng)或(huo)(huo)長(chang)期空缺等(deng)(deng)情形不利于公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)長(chang)期戰略(lve)的持續性(xing)和(he)有(you)(you)效性(xing)，將(jiang)直(zhi)接影響公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)穩健經(jing)營(ying)和(he)長(chang)遠發展。根據167家(jia)保(bao)險公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)披露信息統計，2021年(nian)(nian)共28家(jia)保(bao)險公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)發生股權(quan)變(bian)更(geng)，其中(zhong)8家(jia)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)內變(bian)更(geng)2次；年(nian)(nian)末約五分(fen)之一的保(bao)險公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)存(cun)在股東股權(quan)質(zhi)押(ya)(ya)或(huo)(huo)凍結，其中(zhong)4家(jia)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)質(zhi)押(ya)(ya)或(huo)(huo)凍結股權(quan)比例(li)超過50%。另外，少(shao)數公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)股東關系復(fu)雜，股權(quan)代持、隱性(xing)股東等(deng)(deng)問題較為突出，部分(fen)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)長(chang)期存(cun)在違規股權(quan)待清(qing)退(tui)。股權(quan)結構不穩定，直(zhi)接帶來高管的頻繁變(bian)動(dong)和(he)長(chang)期空缺。2021年(nian)(nian)發生股權(quan)結構變(bian)化的公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)，有(you)(you)10家(jia)同(tong)時存(cun)在董事(shi)長(chang)或(huo)(huo)總經(jing)理(li)變(bian)更(geng)情況(kuang)，有(you)(you)7家(jia)同(tong)時存(cun)在董事(shi)長(chang)或(huo)(huo)總經(jing)理(li)空缺情況(kuang)。
資(zi)本(ben)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)風(feng)險(xian)方面，保(bao)險(xian)業資(zi)本(ben)供(gong)需不(bu)(bu)(bu)匹配(pei)將導(dao)致保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)司特(te)別是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)小保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)司資(zi)本(ben)壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)增(zeng)(zeng)大。從需求(qiu)端看，保(bao)險(xian)業對(dui)資(zi)本(ben)的需求(qiu)持(chi)續增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)，主要受保(bao)險(xian)經營(ying)盈利(li)周期(qi)較長、多數中(zhong)(zhong)小保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)司盈利(li)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)等因(yin)素(su)影響。145家公(gong)(gong)開披露2021年(nian)財(cai)務報告的中(zhong)(zhong)小財(cai)產險(xian)和中(zhong)(zhong)小人身(shen)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)司中(zhong)(zhong)，90家2021年(nian)末未分配(pei)利(li)潤為負數，無(wu)力(li)(li)(li)通過自身(shen)經營(ying)積累利(li)潤轉增(zeng)(zeng)資(zi)本(ben)。從供(gong)給端看，社會資(zi)本(ben)進入(ru)保(bao)險(xian)業的意愿(yuan)降低，外部(bu)(bu)資(zi)本(ben)供(gong)給減少(shao)，表(biao)現(xian)為2021年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)資(zi)發債金額(e)下降、非(fei)上市保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)司牌照(zhao)熱度(du)降低等。主要原因(yin)包(bao)括：一(yi)是(shi)多數中(zhong)(zhong)小保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)司難以提供(gong)長期(qi)穩定的資(zi)本(ben)回報，導(dao)致現(xian)有股東(dong)缺乏增(zeng)(zeng)資(zi)意愿(yuan)，對(dui)潛在投資(zi)人的吸引力(li)(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)；二是(shi)保(bao)險(xian)監(jian)管部(bu)(bu)門從嚴監(jian)管公(gong)(gong)司治理，社會資(zi)本(ben)更加(jia)理性、不(bu)(bu)(bu)再盲目進入(ru)保(bao)險(xian)業，有意愿(yuan)、有實力(li)(li)(li)、滿(man)足(zu)資(zi)質要求(qiu)的投資(zi)人較少(shao)；三是(shi)整體(ti)(ti)經濟(ji)環境承壓(ya)，部(bu)(bu)分保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)司現(xian)有股東(dong)經營(ying)面臨較大壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)，增(zeng)(zeng)資(zi)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)和增(zeng)(zeng)資(zi)意愿(yuan)下降。
操作風險(xian)(xian)(xian)方(fang)面，合(he)規(gui)經(jing)營理(li)念有待加強。主要體現在(zai)以(yi)下(xia)方(fang)面：一是(shi)違規(gui)支(zhi)付(fu)手續費及傭金(jin)問題較(jiao)為(wei)突出(chu)。部(bu)分(fen)(fen)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)以(yi)高費用(yong)(yong)激勵爭搶份(fen)額(e)，通過虛列營業費用(yong)(yong)、虛掛中介業務、虛列營銷人力等(deng)手段套取資金(jin)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)支(zhi)付(fu)超(chao)額(e)手續費或(huo)給予投(tou)(tou)保(bao)人保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同(tong)以(yi)外的利(li)益，助長分(fen)(fen)支(zhi)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)為(wei)達成考核指標違規(gui)經(jing)營之風，破壞市場正常秩序。二是(shi)銷售誤導仍是(shi)人身險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)受到(dao)(dao)行政處罰(fa)和消費者投(tou)(tou)訴的主要原因。2021年，監管機(ji)(ji)構(gou)共收到(dao)(dao)的人身保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)相(xiang)關投(tou)(tou)訴中，銷售糾紛投(tou)(tou)訴占(zhan)比43.62%。三是(shi)中小(xiao)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、基層(ceng)分(fen)(fen)支(zhi)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)合(he)規(gui)管理(li)不(bu)足(zu)。部(bu)分(fen)(fen)中小(xiao)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)處罰(fa)金(jin)額(e)占(zhan)比高于(yu)其市場份(fen)額(e)，且(qie)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)三四級基層(ceng)分(fen)(fen)支(zhi)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)受到(dao)(dao)的處罰(fa)增多。保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)基層(ceng)分(fen)(fen)支(zhi)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)合(he)規(gui)意識(shi)仍較(jiao)為(wei)薄弱，合(he)規(gui)建設投(tou)(tou)入不(bu)足(zu)，內控(kong)制度執行不(bu)到(dao)(dao)位。
三、專家觀(guan)測視角
保(bao)險(xian)行(xing)業風險(xian)評估專家(jia)委(wei)員會(hui)專家(jia)為報告撰寫了(le)七篇風險(xian)觀測(ce)專題文章，集中(zhong)反映(ying)了(le)專家(jia)在(zai)細分領域的研究成果(guo)。
財產(chan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)方面(mian)，針對(dui)(dui)新能(neng)源(yuan)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，專家(jia)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)，在國家(jia)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)政策的(de)(de)(de)支持下，汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)加(jia)速轉型，新能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)趨勢(shi)(shi)勢(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可擋(dang)。但由(you)于(yu)新能(neng)源(yuan)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)預(yu)期(qi)賠付(fu)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)大幅高于(yu)傳統燃油車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，目前財產(chan)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)對(dui)(dui)新能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)承保(bao)(bao)積極性(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)很高。從(cong)全行業(ye)(ye)(ye)層面(mian)看，新能(neng)源(yuan)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)專屬產(chan)品壓(ya)降了單(dan)(dan)均保(bao)(bao)費水(shui)(shui)平，對(dui)(dui)新能(neng)源(yuan)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)經(jing)營(ying)提出了更高的(de)(de)(de)要求。此外(wai)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷涌現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)新車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)型和不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷迭代的(de)(de)(de)新技術、UBI車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與智能(neng)駕駛數據的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用、創新型附加(jia)條款，都使(shi)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)面(mian)臨著不(bu)(bu)(bu)小的(de)(de)(de)定價風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。專家(jia)建議，一是(shi)集行業(ye)(ye)(ye)之力(li)推動產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)變(bian)革，有效提升保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)與汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)對(dui)(dui)話(hua)的(de)(de)(de)話(hua)語權；二是(shi)積累數據提升定價分(fen)析(xi)與理(li)賠管理(li)能(neng)力(li)。針對(dui)(dui)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，專家(jia)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)，農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)標的(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)復雜是(shi)其(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)經(jing)營(ying)難度(du)大的(de)(de)(de)根源(yuan)。由(you)于(yu)各種原因，單(dan)(dan)個保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)很難單(dan)(dan)獨(du)進(jin)行農(nong)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)定價，需要依(yi)靠行業(ye)(ye)(ye)以(yi)及相關政府(fu)部門共同完成(cheng)。目前農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)大災風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)散的(de)(de)(de)第三道防線尚不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)發揮預(yu)期(qi)作用，保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)面(mian)臨的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)逐漸加(jia)大。此外(wai)，針對(dui)(dui)種植(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，專家(jia)建議投保(bao)(bao)人可以(yi)選擇(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)水(shui)(shui)平，且在不(bu)(bu)(bu)同保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)水(shui)(shui)平下政府(fu)提供不(bu)(bu)(bu)同比(bi)例(li)的(de)(de)(de)補(bu)貼，以(yi)達到更好的(de)(de)(de)效果。
人身(shen)險(xian)業務(wu)方(fang)面，專(zhuan)家認為(wei)(wei)，銀(yin)(yin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)渠道(dao)機遇與(yu)挑戰(zhan)并(bing)存(cun)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)資管新規實(shi)施的(de)(de)背(bei)景(jing)下，銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)理(li)財等(deng)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)不(bu)(bu)得(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)本保(bao)(bao)(bao)息和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)剛性兌付，保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)確定給付的(de)(de)優勢(shi)得(de)以(yi)凸顯，對客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)的(de)(de)吸引力提(ti)升。但銀(yin)(yin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)渠道(dao)如(ru)何(he)實(shi)現價(jia)值(zhi)轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)，改變產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)同(tong)質化(hua)(hua)(hua)、手(shou)續費惡性競爭等(deng)現象依然需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)行(xing)業積(ji)極探(tan)索(suo)(suo)實(shi)踐。同(tong)時(shi)，專(zhuan)家提(ti)出(chu)，銀(yin)(yin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)渠道(dao)不(bu)(bu)僅要(yao)(yao)解決(jue)規模(mo)與(yu)價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)(de)問題(ti)，還需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)結合(he)網點、客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)三(san)個(ge)要(yao)(yao)素對業務(wu)模(mo)式進行(xing)重塑。專(zhuan)家建(jian)議(yi)(yi)，一是(shi)(shi)區(qu)隔產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，突出(chu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)特(te)有(you)(you)優勢(shi)；二(er)是(shi)(shi)管控成本，建(jian)立(li)(li)核心(xin)盈利(li)能(neng)力；三(san)是(shi)(shi)防范銷售誤導(dao)，實(shi)現銀(yin)(yin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)渠道(dao)高(gao)質量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。針對健康險(xian)業務(wu)，專(zhuan)家認為(wei)(wei)，普惠型商(shang)業醫療保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)是(shi)(shi)減輕居民醫療費用(yong)負擔(dan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)夯實(shi)多層次醫療保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)體(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)力工(gong)具，但在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)迅速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)以(yi)下風險(xian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)挑戰(zhan)：易引發(fa)(fa)逆選擇，多期運(yun)營(ying)(ying)后有(you)(you)較大可能(neng)受到“死亡螺(luo)旋”效(xiao)應影響(xiang)；參保(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)續保(bao)(bao)(bao)狀況不(bu)(bu)理(li)想(xiang)；運(yun)營(ying)(ying)主體(ti)間難以(yi)建(jian)立(li)(li)可靠有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)溝通和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)決(jue)策影響(xiang)經營(ying)(ying)效(xiao)率，運(yun)營(ying)(ying)機制(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)待優化(hua)(hua)(hua)；宣傳(chuan)不(bu)(bu)夠規范。針對以(yi)上問題(ti)，專(zhuan)家建(jian)議(yi)(yi)，要(yao)(yao)堅持(chi)依法合(he)規，避免盲目跟風，推動產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)精準開發(fa)(fa)。此外，還需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)探(tan)索(suo)(suo)多元(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)籌資模(mo)式，加強政府部門和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)協會全流(liu)程運(yun)營(ying)(ying)指導(dao)，并(bing)建(jian)立(li)(li)信息披露制(zhi)(zhi)度。針對養(yang)(yang)老(lao)業務(wu)，專(zhuan)家認為(wei)(wei)，當前面臨著養(yang)(yang)老(lao)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求日益增(zeng)長(chang)與(yu)養(yang)(yang)老(lao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)服(fu)務(wu)供給不(bu)(bu)足的(de)(de)矛盾，第(di)三(san)支柱個(ge)人養(yang)(yang)老(lao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)及(ji)儲(chu)蓄雖(sui)然潛在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)規模(mo)巨大，但仍是(shi)(shi)自發(fa)(fa)零(ling)散狀態。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)解決(jue)收(shou)入端(duan)(duan)來源和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)儲(chu)備不(bu)(bu)足的(de)(de)問題(ti)時(shi)，還需(xu)(xu)(xu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)養(yang)(yang)老(lao)支出(chu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)消費端(duan)(duan)探(tan)索(suo)(suo)新的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)服(fu)務(wu)形(xing)態。專(zhuan)家建(jian)議(yi)(yi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)收(shou)入端(duan)(duan)，要(yao)(yao)厘清定位，發(fa)(fa)揮保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)優勢(shi)，以(yi)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)進行(xing)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)開發(fa)(fa)；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)支出(chu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)消費端(duan)(duan)，要(yao)(yao)雙管齊下，同(tong)時(shi)關(guan)注高(gao)端(duan)(duan)養(yang)(yang)老(lao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)居家養(yang)(yang)老(lao)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。
資(zi)產管(guan)理(li)(li)方面，專(zhuan)家認為(wei)，償二代二期規則(ze)對保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)產配置帶來新的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)金應從資(zi)本(ben)約束角度(du)調整保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)產配置的(de)(de)(de)底層邏輯；在(zai)管(guan)理(li)(li)層面提(ti)升投(tou)資(zi)管(guan)理(li)(li)能力(li)(li)(li)(li)，及時(shi)適應新情(qing)況新要求；在(zai)投(tou)資(zi)品(pin)種層面精細化(hua)投(tou)資(zi)管(guan)理(li)(li)，挖掘低資(zi)本(ben)消耗的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)資(zi)品(pin)種；在(zai)產品(pin)層面尋求償付能力(li)(li)(li)(li)優化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)新方案。專(zhuan)家建議，保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)管(guan)公(gong)司應協助保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)金尋找(zhao)更具投(tou)資(zi)性價比的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)產；充分考慮資(zi)本(ben)消耗的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，推出(chu)標準化(hua)、可穿透、層級簡單的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)合(he)類產品(pin)；結合(he)監管(guan)規則(ze)要求優化(hua)系統建設，為(wei)委(wei)托(tuo)人提(ti)供及時(shi)有效的(de)(de)(de)穿透計量(liang)(liang)數據支持。專(zhuan)家認為(wei)，復雜環境下中小保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)管(guan)公(gong)司需(xu)要走高(gao)質量(liang)(liang)發展道(dao)路。當前中小保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)管(guan)公(gong)司相對超(chao)大型、大型公(gong)司，生存壓力(li)(li)(li)(li)更大，防(fang)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)和促發展之間的(de)(de)(de)平衡把握(wo)難(nan)度(du)更加(jia)突(tu)出(chu)，中小保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)管(guan)公(gong)司要做到高(gao)質量(liang)(liang)發展和落實風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)，需(xu)要重(zhong)視(shi)戰(zhan)略(lve)規劃、保(bao)(bao)(bao)持戰(zhan)略(lve)定力(li)(li)(li)(li)，堅持開放合(he)作(zuo)、互利共贏經營理(li)(li)念，著(zhu)力(li)(li)(li)(li)加(jia)強自身能力(li)(li)(li)(li)建設，努力(li)(li)(li)(li)提(ti)升風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)能力(li)(li)(li)(li)。