發布日期：2023-10-20

    近期，隨(sui)著增(zeng)額終(zhong)身壽險等(deng)保(bao)險產(chan)品(pin)預定利(li)率的(de)下(xia)調，市(shi)場上的(de)保(bao)險產(chan)品(pin)銷售格局(ju)發(fa)生(sheng)了(le)變化，分紅(hong)險日(ri)益受到市(shi)場關注。那么(me)什么(me)是分紅(hong)險，挑選分紅(hong)險又應當注意什么(me)呢？

    分(fen)紅保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)是指保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司將其實際(ji)經營(ying)成果優于定(ding)價假設(she)的(de)盈(ying)余，按(an)(an)一(yi)定(ding)比例(li)向保(bao)單持有人進(jin)行分(fen)配的(de)人壽保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)品(pin)。這里(li)的(de)保(bao)單持有人是指按(an)(an)照合(he)同約定(ding)，享有保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同利(li)(li)益及紅利(li)(li)請(qing)求權(quan)的(de)人。那么保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司怎么實現(xian)分(fen)紅呢(ni)？保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司在(zai)每(mei)個(ge)會計(ji)年(nian)度結(jie)束后，把(ba)上(shang)一(yi)會計(ji)年(nian)度分(fen)紅賬戶中的(de)可分(fen)配盈(ying)余，按(an)(an)一(yi)定(ding)比例(li)分(fen)配給保(bao)單持有人。分(fen)紅水平和保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司的(de)投資經營(ying)狀(zhuang)況有直接(jie)關系(xi)，保(bao)單持有人和保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司共擔風險(xian)(xian)(xian)、共享利(li)(li)益。

    2020年(nian)2月21日(ri)，原銀保監會(hui)發布的(de)《關(guan)于強化人身(shen)保險(xian)精(jing)算(suan)監管有(you)關(guan)事(shi)項的(de)通知》，規定分(fen)紅險(xian)的(de)紅利分(fen)配(pei)比(bi)例，統一(yi)為(wei)可分(fen)配(pei)盈余的(de)70%。也就是說，假如保險(xian)公司上一(yi)年(nian)度的(de)分(fen)紅賬(zhang)戶中有(you)可分(fen)配(pei)盈余1億元(yuan)，那至少要拿(na)出7000萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)分(fen)配(pei)。當然保險(xian)公司也可以拿(na)出8000萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)來(lai)分(fen)配(pei)，每家公司會(hui)根據實際(ji)經(jing)營(ying)情況調整。

    那么保險公司的可分配(pei)盈(ying)余怎么來的呢(ni)？

    可(ke)分配(pei)(pei)盈(ying)余(yu)主(zhu)要(yao)來自三(san)個方面(mian)：利(li)差(cha)(cha)益(yi)(yi)(yi)、死(si)(si)差(cha)(cha)益(yi)(yi)(yi)和費差(cha)(cha)益(yi)(yi)(yi)。利(li)差(cha)(cha)益(yi)(yi)(yi)是指(zhi)保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)實(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)投資收(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)，高于(yu)(yu)預(yu)計投資收(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)所(suo)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)盈(ying)余(yu)。死(si)(si)差(cha)(cha)益(yi)(yi)(yi)是指(zhi)保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)實(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)死(si)(si)亡(wang)發生(sheng)率(lv)(lv)，低于(yu)(yu)預(yu)計死(si)(si)亡(wang)發生(sheng)率(lv)(lv)時(shi)所(suo)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)盈(ying)余(yu)。費差(cha)(cha)益(yi)(yi)(yi)是指(zhi)保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)實(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)運營(ying)(ying)管(guan)理費用(yong)，低于(yu)(yu)預(yu)計運營(ying)(ying)管(guan)理費用(yong)時(shi)所(suo)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)盈(ying)余(yu)。一般說(shuo)來由于(yu)(yu)保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)均采用(yong)中國(guo)保(bao)險(xian)行業協會(hui)發布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命表，因(yin)此各家公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)死(si)(si)差(cha)(cha)益(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)平(ping)都差(cha)(cha)不(bu)多。而公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)經營(ying)(ying)越穩健，費差(cha)(cha)益(yi)(yi)(yi)越小，所(suo)以多數經營(ying)(ying)穩健的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)費差(cha)(cha)益(yi)(yi)(yi)也不(bu)會(hui)很多。利(li)差(cha)(cha)益(yi)(yi)(yi)才是保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)可(ke)分配(pei)(pei)盈(ying)余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)來源(yuan)。所(suo)以說(shuo)可(ke)分配(pei)(pei)盈(ying)余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)多少取決于(yu)(yu)保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)投資營(ying)(ying)運水(shui)平(ping)，只有保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)賺錢了，分紅才會(hui)多。

    那么挑選分紅險有什么注(zhu)意事項呢？

    首先，既要(yao)(yao)(yao)看(kan)(kan)保(bao)險公(gong)(gong)司的(de)(de)投資(zi)能力，也要(yao)(yao)(yao)看(kan)(kan)穩健經營(ying)能力和風險管(guan)理水平。其(qi)次，消(xiao)費(fei)者要(yao)(yao)(yao)意識到(dao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)險的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)確定的(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)取(qu)決于(yu)保(bao)險公(gong)(gong)司的(de)(de)經營(ying)成果。最后是(shi)(shi)(shi)理性看(kan)(kan)待(dai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)險的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)險不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)單純的(de)(de)投資(zi)產品，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能將分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)高低作為(wei)衡量產品優劣的(de)(de)唯一標準，更(geng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)過(guo)(guo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)糾結分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)的(de)(de)金額。對于(yu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)險，最重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)充分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)認識保(bao)障(zhang)功能，保(bao)障(zhang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)全面(mian)、保(bao)額是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)充分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)才是(shi)(shi)(shi)應該關注的(de)(de)首要(yao)(yao)(yao)因素，過(guo)(guo)度(du)強(qiang)調分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)收益，會讓人忽視保(bao)險最基本的(de)(de)保(bao)障(zhang)功能。一些消(xiao)費(fei)者因為(wei)當年(nian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)太少就打(da)算(suan)退(tui)保(bao)，這樣的(de)(de)做法更(geng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可取(qu)的(de)(de)。

    總之，雖然分紅(hong)險(xian)與普通人壽(shou)保(bao)險(xian)相比(bi)，增(zeng)加了(le)獲利的機會，但(dan)是購買(mai)分紅(hong)險(xian)，首(shou)先(xian)看(kan)保(bao)障，其次(ci)看(kan)收(shou)益，理性分析才(cai)是關鍵。從全(quan)球市場看(kan)，分紅(hong)險(xian)占據了(le)相當大的市場份額。隨著增(zeng)額終身壽(shou)險(xian)等人身險(xian)產(chan)品(pin)預定(ding)利率下(xia)調，為(wei)了(le)吸引消費者，分紅(hong)險(xian)可能會成為(wei)保(bao)險(xian)公司的主(zhu)打產(chan)品(pin)。

    資料來(lai)源：

    ; 1.精算視覺(jue)微(wei)信(xin)公眾號.分紅險、萬能(neng)險即將迎來(lai)歷史(shi)性(xing)的“演(yan)示下調”.2023-01-07 

     2.盈瑞法(fa)稅團隊(dui)微信公眾號(hao).分(fen)紅(hong)險的分(fen)紅(hong)機制及如何(he)挑選(xuan)分(fen)紅(hong)險.2023-10-05